Complete Guide to Identifying Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

The genus Trichocereus, currently classified under the genus Echinopsis, is recognized for its great diversity and is a prominent element among South American columnar cacti. Commonly researched and cultivated both for their ethnobotanical and ornamental value, Trichocereus species exhibit a range of morphological characteristics that provide a rich source of study and interest. This guide offers a detailed overview on how to identify and differentiate some of the rare varieties of this fascinating genus, thus helping enthusiasts and experts navigate its wonderful complexity.

Taxonomy and Diversity of the Genus Trichocereus

Initially described in the genus Cereus, Trichocereus has expanded in its classification over the years. In 1974, Heimo Friedrich and Gordon Douglas Rowley transferred several species from this genus to Echinopsis. However, the term “Trichocereus” remains in use, especially in ethnobotanical contexts, and is appreciated by growers and enthusiasts.

Some variants stand out for their unique beauty and rarity, such as Trichocereus macrogonus, which is often synonymous with pre-Columbian Andean rituals. Taxonomic differences and morphological variations between species and varieties, possibly due to their cultivation conditions and ecozones, demonstrate the plasticity and adaptability of this genus.

Identification of Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

General Characteristics for Cultivation and Recognition

1. Height and Shape: Some species, such as T. macrogonus, can reach up to 5 meters in height, with erect stems that are their distinctive feature. Under optimal conditions, this cactus can produce branches with diameters ranging from 6 to 15 cm.

2. Stem Ribbing: Typically, Trichocereus stems have between five to nine prominent ribs, whose number and formation may vary slightly depending on the species and environmental conditions. The ribs serve as one of the main distinguishing features when identifying varieties.

3. Areoles and Spines: The areoles on T. macrogonus measure approximately 6 mm in diameter and are properly spaced. These are gray or dark brown, with spines notable for their quantity (up to 20 in some mature varieties) and length.

Examples of Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus

• Spine Characteristics: Its spines are prominent and robust, especially the central ones which can reach up to 5 cm long, making it a variety recognized for its impressive structure.

• Flowers: It produces flowers that can measure up to 21 cm in length, making its blooming a dazzling spectacle.

Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi

• Ribbing and Spines: This variety usually has shorter and fewer spines compared to var. macrogonus. This cactus is widely valued and is often associated with the popularly known “San Pedro cactus”.

Ethnobotanical Importance of Trichocereus Varieties

Some of these species, especially those containing mescaline such as T. macrogonus, have been and continue to be an invaluable part of Andean rituals. The indigenous names, such as “achuma” or “huachuma”, reflect their historical cultural relevance and continue to be the subject of research for their medicinal potential.

Tips for Cultivation and Preservation of Trichocereus

• Light Conditions: Ensure that Trichocereus receive sufficient sunlight to promote optimal growth. Preferably place them in sunny locations protected from strong winds.

• Proper Watering: Although drought-resistant, it is important to regulate watering by avoiding prolonged moisture in the substrate, which can encourage the appearance of fungi and diseases.

• Suitable Substrates: A well-drained substrate composed of a mix of sand, perlite, and cactus soil will significantly improve the healthy development of the cactus.

With this comprehensive guide, both novice and expert growers can enjoy the process of identifying and cultivating these spectacular varieties of Trichocereus. Whether for their decorative contribution or their deep cultural significance, Trichocereus remains a sublime testament to the biodiversity of the cactus world.