Complete Guide to Identifying Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

Complete Guide to Identifying Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

The Trichocereus genus, now classified under the Echinopsis genus, is recognized for its vast diversity and stands out as a notable element among South American columnar cacti. Commonly studied and cultivated for both their ethnobotanical and ornamental value, Trichocereus species exhibit a wide range of morphological characteristics, providing a rich source of study and interest. This guide offers a detailed overview of how to identify and differentiate some of the rare varieties of this fascinating genus, helping both enthusiasts and experts navigate its wonderful complexity.

Taxonomy and Diversity

Originally described in the Cereus genus, Trichocereus has undergone changes in classification over the years. In 1974, Heimo Friedrich and Gordon Douglas Rowley transitioned several species from this genus to Echinopsis. However, the term "Trichocereus" remains in use, especially in ethnobotanical contexts, and is cherished by growers and enthusiasts.

Some varieties stand out for their unique beauty and rarity, such as Trichocereus macrogonus, often associated with pre-Columbian Andean rituals. Taxonomic differences and morphological variations among species and varieties, possibly due to cultivation conditions and eco-zones, highlight the plasticity and adaptability of this genus.

Identifying Rare Varieties of Trichocereus

General Characteristics

1. Height and Shape: Some species, like T. macrogonus, can reach heights of up to 5 meters, with erect stems being their defining feature. Under optimal conditions, this cactus can produce branches with diameters ranging from 6 to 15 cm.

1. Ribbing of the Stem: Typically, Trichocereus stems have five to nine prominent ribs, with the number and formation varying slightly depending on the species and environmental conditions. The ribs are one of the primary distinguishing features when identifying varieties.

1. Areoles and Spines: The areoles on the T. macrogonus measure approximately 6 mm in diameter and are well-spaced. They are gray or dark brown, with spines that stand out due to their quantity (up to 20 in some mature varieties) and length.

Examples of Rare Varieties

#### Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus

• →Spine Characteristics: Its spines are prominent and robust, especially the central ones, which can grow up to 5 cm long, making it a recognized variety for its impressive structure.

• →Flowers: It produces flowers that can measure up to 21 cm in length, making its blooming a dazzling spectacle.

#### Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi

• →Ribbing and Spines: This variety generally has shorter spines and fewer in number compared to var. macrogonus. This cactus is highly valued and is often associated with the popularly known "San Pedro cactus."

Ethnobotanical Importance

Some of these species, particularly those containing mescaline like T. macrogonus, have been and continue to be invaluable parts of Andean rituals. Indigenous names such as "achuma" or "huachuma" reflect their historical cultural significance and they continue to be subjects of research for their medicinal potential.

Tips for Cultivation and Preservation

• →Light Conditions: Ensure that Trichocereus receive plenty of sunlight to promote optimal growth. Place them preferably in sunny spots, sheltered from strong winds.

• →Proper Watering: Although drought-resistant, it is crucial to regulate watering to avoid letting the substrate remain wet for extended periods, as this can lead to mold and diseases.

• →Suitable Substrates: A well-draining substrate composed of a mix of sand, perlite, and cactus soil will significantly improve the healthy development of the cactus.

With this comprehensive guide, both novice and expert growers can enjoy the process of identifying and cultivating these spectacular varieties of Trichocereus. Whether for their decorative contribution or their profound cultural significance, Trichocereus continues to be a sublime testament to the biodiversity within the world of cacti.